Bonds are loans you make to governments or companies. In return, they pay you regular interest (the coupon) and return your principal at maturity. Bonds are generally lower risk than stocks but also offer lower returns.
Answer: Lending money to the issuer. A bond is a debt instrument — you lend money and receive interest in return.
Answer: The regular interest payment. The coupon is the periodic interest payment the bond issuer makes to the bondholder.
Answer: Fall. Bond prices move inversely to interest rates — when rates go up, existing bond prices fall.
Answer: US Treasury bonds. US Treasuries are backed by the US government and considered the world's safest debt instrument.
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